In a editorial, Hibi et al., aimed to provide an outline of the world history of liver transplantation (LT), with a special focus on the innovation, development, and current controversies of living donor (LD) LT from East Asian and Western perspectives. In 1963, Starzl et al. (University of Colorado, U.S.) performed the world's first human LT for a 3-year-old child with biliary atresia. The donor was a 3-year-old patient who had suffered from brain death following neurosurgery. ¹⁾.