In vitro

In vitro studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.

A standardized in vitro model helps to objectify the Water-tightness of dural closure. It allows testing of sutures and dural grafts alone or in combination. In the authors' testing, a running 6-0 monofilament polypropylene suture combined with DuraSeal or TachoSil was the technique achieving the highest BP. For the duraplasty of square defects, the double-layer technique showed the highest efficacy.