Immunodetection

Immunodetection refers to a group of techniques that use antibodies to detect specific proteins or antigens in biological samples. It is widely used in both basic research and clinical diagnostics.

• Detects proteins separated by SDS-PAGE.
• Requires transfer to a membrane (e.g., PVDF or nitrocellulose).
• Uses primary antibody (antigen-specific) and secondary antibody (enzyme-linked).
• Detection via chemiluminescence, fluorescence, or colorimetric substrate.

• Detects antigens in tissue sections.
• Preserves spatial context within the tissue.
• Visualization via light microscopy after chromogenic staining (e.g., DAB).

• Uses fluorophore-conjugated antibodies.
• Enables localization of proteins in cells or tissues.
• Requires fluorescence microscope or confocal imaging.

• Quantitative detection of proteins in liquid samples.
• High sensitivity and specificity.
• Used in diagnostics (e.g., infectious diseases, hormone levels).

• Detects protein expression on or within cells in suspension.
• Useful for immunophenotyping, apoptosis, cell cycle analysis.
• Multicolor analysis with fluorophore-labeled antibodies.

• Primary antibody: Binds the specific target antigen.
• Secondary antibody: Binds the primary antibody and is conjugated to a detectable label (e.g., HRP, fluorophore).
• Detection system: Colorimetric, chemiluminescent, or fluorescent.

• Detection of disease biomarkers.
• Analysis of protein expression patterns.
• Neuroscience (e.g., GFAP, NeuN, Merlin).
• Oncology (e.g., Ki-67, p53, HER2).
• Evaluation of therapeutic targets.

• immunohistochemistry
• western_blot
• flow_cytometry
• elisa
• neuroscience_markers