Endocrine diseases
Endocrine diseases are disorders of the endocrine system. The branch of medicine associated with endocrine disorders is known as endocrinology.
Types of endocrine disease
Broadly speaking, endocrine disorders may be subdivided into three groups:
Endocrine gland hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)
Endocrine gland hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)
Tumours (benign or malignant) of endocrine glands
Endocrine disorders are often quite complex, involving a mixed picture of hyposecretion and hypersecretion because of the feedback mechanisms involved in the endocrine system. For example, most forms of hyperthyroidism are associated with an excess of thyroid hormone and a low level of thyroid stimulating hormone.
List of endocrine diseases
Adrenal disorders
Adrenal insufficiency
Mineralocorticoid deficiency
Diabetes
Adrenal hormone excess
Conn's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome
Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism (GRA)
Pheochromocytoma
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome)
Adrenocortical carcinoma
Glucose homeostasis disorders
Diabetes mellitus
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
Gestational Diabetes
Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young
Hypoglycemia
Idiopathic hypoglycemia
Insulinoma
Glucagonoma
Thyroid disorders
Goiter
Hyperthyroidism
Toxic multinodular goitre
Hypothyroidism
Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Thyroid cancer
Thyroid hormone resistance
Calcium homeostasis disorders and Metabolic bone disease
Parathyroid gland disorders
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Osteoporosis
Osteitis deformans (Paget's disease of bone)
Rickets and osteomalacia
Pituitary gland disorders
Posterior pituitary
Diabetes insipidus
Anterior pituitary
Hypopituitarism (or Panhypopituitarism)
Pituitary tumors
pituitary neuroendocrine tumors
Prolactinoma (or Hyperprolactinemia)
Acromegaly, gigantism
Cushing's disease
Sex hormone disorders
Disorders of sex development or intersex disorders
Hermaphroditism
Gonadal dysgenesis
Androgen insensitivity syndromes
Hypogonadism (Gonadotropin deficiency)
Inherited (genetic and chromosomal) disorders
Klinefelter syndrome
Turner syndrome
Acquired disorders
Ovarian failure (also known as Premature Menopause)
Testicular failure
Disorders of Puberty
Delayed puberty
Precocious puberty
Menstrual function or fertility disorders
Amenorrhea
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Tumours of the endocrine glands not mentioned elsewhere
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
MEN type 1
MEN type 2a
MEN type 2b
Carcinoid syndrome
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes Incidentaloma - an unexpected finding on diagnostic imaging, often of endocrine glands.
Diagnosis
CT scan
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Nuclear medicine studies
Parathyroid ultrasound
Post-thyroidectomy ultrasound
Thyroglobulin stimulation studies
Thyroid ultrasound
Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration