Cranioplasty contraindications

1. infection: especially at the craniectomy site, but also at distal sites because of the fear of seeding the cranioplasty flap.

2. brain protruding beyond the confines of the skull.

3. untreated hydrocephalus: this is complicated because treating hydrocephalus may require repairing the bone defect, usually in combination with a shunt

The presence of hydrocephalus, infection, and brain swelling. In children below 4 years old, if there is an intact dura mater, cranium can achieve self closure.