Triangulation is a research method used to improve the validity and credibility of findings by combining multiple sources, methods, or perspectives to study the same phenomenon.
Triangulation helps reduce bias, increase accuracy, and validate self-reported data with more objective evidence.
In alumni surveys using a cross-sectional, self-report design, triangulation might involve verifying:
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Data triangulation | Using multiple data sources | Self-report + publication records |
| Methodological | Applying different methods | Surveys + interviews |
| Investigator | Multiple researchers reviewing data | Independent analysis by several evaluators |
| Theory triangulation | Using different theoretical lenses | Analyzing results using both feminist and economic theories |
Triangulation strengthens research by validating findings through multiple independent approaches, rather than relying on a single, potentially biased method.