Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a unique method for non-invasive brain imaging. The fundamental difference between TMS and other available non-invasive brain imaging techniques is that when a physiological response is evoked by stimulation of a cortical area, that specific cortical area is causally related to the response. With other imaging methods, it is only possible to detect and map a brain area that participates in a given task or reaction.
see Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Brain tumor resections in presumed eloquent location 1) 2)
see Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation.
see Transcranial direct current stimulation.