Table of Contents

Study Classification

Retrospective study

Prospective study

Multicenter study

Observational study


Analytical observational study.


Anatomic study.


Case-control study.


Clinical case study-Case report.


Clinical trial.


Cohort study.


Correlational study


Cross-sectional study.


Descriptive study.


Expert opinion.


Experimental study.


Genome-wide association study.


Historical vignette


Intention-to-treat analysis.


Kaplan Meier analysis.


Letter to the editor or response


Meta-analysis.


Original research.


Perspective, opinion, and commentary.


Population-based study.


Prognostic study.


Proof of concept study


Qualitative study.


Review article.


Book review.


Systematic literature review,


Scientific Trial.


Technical note.


Univariate analysis.

Primary study

In a primary study, the analysis is performed on only one measure, and in a secondary study the analysis is performed on several measures.

see Primary study.

Secondary study

Secondary study.

Proof of concept study


Single-center trial.

Multicenter trial.


Single-arm trial


Noninferiority trial


More terms and examples A randomized double-blinded clinical trial with a crossover research design.

ICONS study

ICONS study