Spatial distribution refers to how a particular phenomenon—such as people, animals, diseases, resources, or data points—is arranged or spread out across a specific geographic area or space.

Key Aspects: Pattern: Is the distribution clustered, random, or uniform?

Scale: Is it local, regional, or global?

Density: How concentrated is the phenomenon in a given area?

Influencing factors: Geography, infrastructure, environmental conditions, or social/economic dynamics.

Example: In epidemiology, the spatial distribution of cancer cases might show clusters near industrial zones—suggesting environmental exposure. In ecology, it might describe how trees of a certain species are spread in a forest.