Of patients discharged home from the Emergency Department (ED), 19.0% returned to ED, and 4.5% required shunt-related surgeries. Of the patients admitted for observation, 18.7% returned to ED and 14.2% required shunt-related surgery. Of the patients admitted to other hospital services, 19.6% patients returned to the ED, with 2.0% requiring surgical intervention. There were no shunt-related mortalities in any of the 3 groups 1).

1)
Sribnick E, Sarda S, Moore M, Capasse M, Tubbs RS, Wrubel D, Chern JJ. Clinical Outcome of Children With Suspected Shunt Malfunction Evaluated in the Emergency Department. Neurosurgery. 2015 Jun;76(6):695-699. PubMed PMID: 25988928.