SBI Model (Situation–Behavior–Impact)

The SBI Model is a simple, effective framework for delivering constructive feedback in clinical, academic, or professional environments. It promotes clarity, respect, and impact-focused communication—especially valuable in high-stakes fields like neurosurgery.

SBI stands for:

• S = Situation – Describe the specific time, place, or context.
• B = Behavior – Describe the observable action(s) without judgment or interpretation.
• I = Impact – Describe the effect the behavior had on the team, patient, procedure, or environment.

The goal is to make feedback objective, specific, and focused on improvement rather than blame.

• Situation:

“During the tumor resection yesterday afternoon…”

• Behavior:

“…you interrupted the scrub nurse twice while she was counting instruments.”

• Impact:

“…this caused confusion and delayed the final count, which increased stress in the OR.”

• Optional Suggestion:

“In future cases, consider letting her finish the count before requesting additional tools.”

• Reduces defensiveness
• Improves psychological safety
• Makes feedback actionable
• Prevents humiliation
• Enhances team learning

• Deliver feedback promptly after the event
• Focus on specific behavior, not personality traits
• Ensure a private and respectful setting, if needed
• Follow with support or guidance to improve

“With SBI, we stop saying ‘You’re careless’ and start saying ‘This specific action had this effect—let’s work on it.’”