The first application of a robot in medicine was in the field of neurosurgery when an industrial robot, PUMA 200, was successfully used in a frame-based configuration for a brain biopsy procedure in 1985 1).

1)
Kwoh, Y.S., Hou, J., Jonckheere, E.A., Hayati, S.(1988). A Robot with improved absolute positioning accuracy for CT guided stereotactic brain surgery. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 35, no. 2, p. 153-160, DOI:10.1109/10.1354