A patient outcome refers to any measurable change in health status (positive or negative) that occurs as a result of medical care, intervention, or disease progression.

• Clinical outcomes: Survival, recovery, complication rates, recurrence, neurological status.
• Functional outcomes: Ability to perform daily activities, mobility, independence.
• Quality of life (QoL): Physical, emotional, and social well-being as perceived by the patient.
• Patient-reported outcomes (PROs): Symptoms, satisfaction, pain levels, reported directly by the patient.

• Central to evidence-based medicine and clinical decision-making.
• Used to assess the efficacy, safety, and value of interventions or procedures.
• Required for clinical trials, healthcare quality metrics, and treatment guidelines.