Ophthalmoscopy, also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope. It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination

Ocular funduscopy appears to be a dying art. Physicians and medical students alike lack confidence in the use of an ophthalmoscope. As a result, few clinicians perform ophthalmoscopy, and many who do are unable to reliably detect abnormalities of the ocular fundus. Approaches to remediation in undergraduate medical education have included simulators, longitudinal skill reinforcement, Web-based teaching, and other techniques. Preservation of the ophthalmoscopic art has been hindered by technical difficulty, waning enthusiasm for ophthalmoscopy, and even discouragement from preceptors in medical education. Ocular fundus photography may serve a role in medical education to help improve student confidence in interpretation of ocular fundus findings and improve awareness of the importance of examination of the ocular fundus. Because neurology clerkships and clinical practices remain an important forum for honing ocular funduscopy skills, the neurologist should be familiar with novel alternative techniques that facilitate examination of the ocular fundus ¹⁾.

Difficulties occur in the differential diagnosis of papilledema against similar changes of the optic nerve head seen during Ophthalmoscopy ²⁾