For near infrared imaging, additional investigators have explored fluorescein as well as novel near-infrared (NIR) agents 1) 2) 3)

1)
Shinoda J, Yano H, Yoshimura SI, et al. Fluorescence-guided resection of glioblastoma multiforme by using high-dose fluorescein sodium. Technical note. J Neurosurg. 2003;99(3):597–603.
2)
Rey-Dios R, Cohen-Gadol AA. Technical principles and neurosurgical applications of fluorescein fluorescence using a microscope-integrated fluorescence module. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2013;155(4):701–706.
3)
Swanson KI, Clark PA, Zhang RR, et al. Fluorescent cancer-selective alkylphosphocholine analogs for intraoperative glioma detection. Neurosurgery. 2015;76(2):115–123.