Misinterpretation refers to the incorrect or misleading explanation of data, results, or outcomes, often due to overstatement, omission of context, or failure to consider alternative explanations.
⚠️ Key Characteristics
Drawing causal conclusions from correlational or observational data
Ignoring confidence intervals, effect sizes, or limitations
Highlighting statistically significant findings without clinical relevance
Downplaying adverse results or inconsistencies
🧪 Example in Neurosurgical Literature
A study finds that functional outcomes at 6 months are “similar” between microsurgical and endovascular groups but fails to emphasize the significant early morbidity in the surgical cohort, misleading readers into thinking both approaches are equally safe.
📉 Why It Matters
Leads to inappropriate clinical decisions
Misinforms guidelines, policy, and patient counseling
Perpetuates biased or distorted scientific narratives
Erodes trust in evidence-based medicine
✅ Best Practice
Interpret results within the limits of the study design
Present absolute and relative risks with context
Discuss alternative interpretations and confounding factors