Middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm classification

In the series of Elsharkawy et al. the main middle cerebral artery bifurcation was the most common location for Middle cerebral artery aneurysm, harboring 829 aneurysms (63%). The 406 Middle cerebral artery M1 segment aneurysms comprised 242 M1 early cortical branch aneurysms (60%) and 164 M1 lenticulostriate artery aneurysms (40%). We found 106 MCA aneurysms (8%) at the origin of large early frontal branches simulating M2 trunks liable to be misclassified as MCA bifurcation aneurysms. Even though 51% of the 407 ruptured MCA aneurysms were associated with an intracerebral hematoma, this did not affect the classification.

Studying MCA angioarchitecture and applying the 4-group classification of MCA aneurysms is practical and facilitates the accurate classification of MCA aneurysms, helping to improve surgical outcome. 1).


From the analysis of 61 MCA bifurcation aneurysms, 4 shape pattern categories were created that allowed the classification of 56 aneurysms (91.8%). The number of aneurysms allotted to each shape cluster was 10 (16.4%) in category 1, 24 (39.3%) in category 2, 7 (11.5%) in category 3, and 15 (24.6%) in category 4.

Through the use of anatomic visual cues, MCA bifurcation aneurysms can be grouped into a small number of shape patterns with an associated clip solution. Implementing these principles within current neurosurgery training paradigms can provide a tool that allows more efficient transition from novice to cerebrovascular expert 2).

While most aneurysms that originate at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation or trifurcation have a saccular geometry, some MCA aneurysms may exhibit a fusiform morphology and incorporate not only the proximal MCA trunk but also major MCA branches. In contrast to saccular aneurysms, fusiform aneurysms represent a distinct subset of intracranial aneurysms with unique underlying pathological features, hemodynamic forces, anatomical distribution, as well as natural history that governs their treatment. 3).

1)
Elsharkawy A, Lehečka M, Niemelä M, Billon-Grand R, Lehto H, Kivisaari R, Hernesniemi J. A new, more accurate classification of middle cerebral artery aneurysms: computed tomography angiographic study of 1,009 consecutive cases with 1,309 middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 2013 Jul;73(1):94-102; discussion 102. doi: 10.1227/01.neu.0000429842.61213.d5. PubMed PMID: 23615110.
2)
Washington CW, Ju T, Zipfel GJ, Dacey RG Jr. Middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms: an anatomic classification scheme for planning optimal surgical strategies. Neurosurgery. 2014 Mar;10 Suppl 1:145-53; discussion 153-5. doi: 10.1227/NEU.0000000000000250. PubMed PMID: 24226424.
3)
Pabaney AH, Mazaris PA, Kole MK, Reinard KA. Endovascular management of fusiform aneurysm of anterior temporal artery: Technical report. Surg Neurol Int. 2015 Jul 20;6:119. doi: 10.4103/2152-7806.161239. eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 26290771; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4521225.