Medial frontal lobe

• Assessment of localized brain regions correlated with MMSE using VBM analysis of structural MRI in a Japanese sample
• Gamma synchronization between the medial temporal lobe and medial frontal cortex for goal-directed visual attention in humans
• Intracranial High-Frequency Oscillations and Epileptogenic Zone: Incorporating Neuroanatomic Variation
• Origin stories of neural crest roles in craniofacial development: A tale of the meninges
• Facial emotion recognition in focal epilepsy: localization is not the main factor
• Cognitive control of behavior and hippocampal information processing without medial prefrontal cortex
• Hippocampal systems for event encoding and sequencing during ongoing narrative comprehension
• The Cortical Structural Model Extends to Thalamocortical Connections

The medial frontal lobe refers to the inner (medial) portion of the frontal lobe, located along the midline of the brain, above the corpus callosum. It plays a crucial role in cognitive control, decision-making, emotional regulation, and social behavior.

### Key Structures in the Medial Frontal Lobe: 1. Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC):

1. Involved in cognitive control, emotion regulation, and pain processing.
2. Dysfunction is associated with depression, anxiety, and OCD.

2. Pre-supplementary Motor Area (pre-SMA) & Supplementary Motor Area (SMA):

1. Important for planning and initiating voluntary movements.
2. Implicated in motor disorders like Parkinson’s disease.

3. Medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC):

1. Plays a role in self-referential thinking, decision-making, and social cognition.
2. Involved in understanding the thoughts and emotions of others (theory of mind).

4. Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC) (partially medial):

1. Regulates reward-based decision-making and emotional responses.
2. Dysfunction can lead to impulsivity and poor judgment.

### Functions of the Medial Frontal Lobe: - Executive Function & Decision-Making:

1. Helps in goal-oriented behavior and adapting to new situations.

- Emotion & Social Behavior:

1. Plays a role in empathy, morality, and understanding social norms.

- Motor Control:

1. Contributes to voluntary movement planning and execution.

- Damage to the medial frontal lobe can result in:

1. Apathy and lack of motivation (abulia)
2. Poor decision-making and impulse control
3. Deficits in emotional and social cognition (e.g., autism, schizophrenia)
4. Akinesia (difficulty initiating movement) in disorders like Parkinson’s disease.