1. eliminate offending agents (stop the operation, D/C inhalation anesthesia and change tubing on anesthesia machine)
2. dantrolene sodium (Dantrium®) 2.5 mg/kg IV usually effective, infuse until symptoms subside, up to 10 mg/kg
3. hyperventilation with 100% O2
4. surface and cavity cooling: IV, in the wound, per NG, PR
5. bicarbonate 1–2 mEq/kg for acidosis
6. IV insulin and glucose (lowers K+, glucose acts as energy substrate)
7. procainamide for arrhythmias
8. diuresis: volume loading + osmotic diuretics