The hfHypo cells represent a novel tool for in vitro investigations on human GnRH neuron biology. TNFΑ may directly affect GnRH neuron function by interfering with KISS1R expression and ciliogenesis, thereby impairing kisspeptin signaling 1).

1)
Sarchielli E, Comeglio P, Squecco R, Ballerini L, Mello T, Guarnieri G, Idrizaj E, Mazzanti B, Vignozzi L, Gallina P, Maggi M, Vannelli GB, Morelli A. Tumor Necrosis Factor α Impairs Kisspeptin Signaling in Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Primary Neurons. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Oct 13:jc20162115. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 27736314.