IgG Kappa

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IgG Kappa refers to a subtype of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that contains kappa light chains. Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced by B cells of the immune system and play a crucial role in defending against infections.

### Clinical Interpretation of IgG Kappa 1. Normal Physiology:

1. Immunoglobulins consist of heavy chains and light chains.
2. There are two types of light chains: kappa and lambda.
3. Normally, there is a balanced ratio between kappa and lambda light chains.

2. Increased IgG Kappa:

1. May indicate a clonal expansion of plasma cells producing this specific immunoglobulin.
2. Commonly associated with monoclonal gammopathies, such as:
   1. IgG Kappa Multiple Myeloma.
   2. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS).
   3. Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia.
   4. B-cell Lymphoma.

3. Decreased IgG Kappa:

1. May be seen in immunodeficiencies, such as hypogammaglobulinemia or Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID).
2. Can also occur in disorders affecting antibody production, including certain leukemias or lymphomas.

4. Kappa/Lambda Ratio:

1. The serum kappa-to-lambda light chain ratio is an important diagnostic marker for monoclonal gammopathies.
2. A high ratio suggests clonal proliferation of kappa-producing plasma cells.
3. A low ratio suggests lambda light chain dominance, which can also indicate a plasma cell disorder.

### When Is an IgG Kappa Test Ordered? - To evaluate monoclonal gammopathies. - For diagnosis and monitoring of multiple myeloma. - In assessing immune deficiencies. - For detecting lymphoproliferative disorders.

If IgG Kappa levels are abnormal, additional tests may be needed, such as: - Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP). - Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). - Serum free light chain assay (FLC). - Bone marrow biopsy if multiple myeloma is suspected.