Fatty liver, medically known as steatosis, refers to the buildup of excess fat in the liver cells. This condition can affect liver function and lead to more serious liver diseases if not managed appropriately. Fatty liver can be classified into two main types: alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Key Points about Fatty Liver: Types:

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD): Caused by excessive alcohol consumption, which affects the liver’s ability to break down fats. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Occurs in individuals who consume little to no alcohol and is often linked to metabolic conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol. Risk Factors:

Obesity and overweight. Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Metabolic syndrome, characterized by a combination of high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. High alcohol consumption for AFLD. Poor diet high in refined carbs and saturated fats. Symptoms:

Often, fatty liver is asymptomatic in its early stages. Fatigue and general malaise. Discomfort or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen. Diagnosis:

Blood tests showing elevated liver enzymes. Imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Liver biopsy for a more definitive diagnosis in severe cases. Complications:

Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): When NAFLD progresses and is accompanied by liver inflammation and damage. Fibrosis: The development of scar tissue in the liver. Cirrhosis: Severe scarring that can lead to liver failure. Liver cancer in advanced cases. Treatment and Management:

Lifestyle modifications: Weight loss through a healthy diet and regular physical activity is the cornerstone of treatment. Avoidance of alcohol: Essential for individuals with AFLD. Medical management: Treating underlying conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol, or hypertension. Regular monitoring: Follow-ups with healthcare providers to track liver health and progression of the condition. Fatty liver can often be reversed with early intervention and effective lifestyle changes, preventing progression to more serious liver diseases.