Cystatin C

To investigate the expressions of plasma cystatin C (Cys-C), D-dimer (D-D) and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with progressive traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TIH) after traumatic brain injury, and their clinical significance.

Forty-two TIH patients and 20 healthy participants (control) were enrolled. The severity and outcome of TIH were determined according to the Glasgow Coma Scale and Glasgow Outcome Scale, and the plasma Cys-C, hs-CRP, and D-D levels were measured.

The plasma Cys-C, D-D and hs-CRP levels in the IPHI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in plasma Cys-C, D-D and hs-CRP levels among different IPHI patients according to the Glasgow Coma Scale and according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (all p < 0.05). In the IPHI patients, the plasma Cys-C, D-D and hs-CRP levels were positively correlated with each other (p < 0.001).

The increase of plasma Cys-C, D-D and hs-CRP levels may be involved in TIH after traumatic brain injury. The early detection of these indexes may help to understand the severity and outcome of IPHI 1).

Disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) 10 and 17 can release the extracellular part of a variety of membrane-bound proteins via ectodomain shedding important for many biological functions. So far, substrate identification focused exclusively on membrane-anchored ADAM10 and ADAM17. However, besides known shedding of ADAM10, we identified ADAM8 as a protease capable of releasing the ADAM17 ectodomain. Therefore, we investigated whether the soluble ectodomains of ADAM10/17 (sADAM10/17) exhibit an altered substrate spectrum compared to their membrane-bound counterparts. A mass spectrometry-based N-terminomics approach identified 134 protein cleavage events in total and 45 common substrates for sADAM10/17 within the secretome of murine cardiomyocytes. Analysis of these cleavage sites confirmed previously identified amino acid preferences. Further in vitro studies verified fibronectin, cystatin C, sN-cadherin, PCPE-1 as well as sAPP as direct substrates of sADAM10 and/or sADAM17. Overall, we present the first degradome study for sADAM10/17, thereby introducing a new mode of proteolytic activity within the protease web 2).

Primary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) occurs frequently in adult hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD).

A study aimed to compare the baseline characteristics and outcomes of acute MMD-related and idiopathic PIVH.

Adult patients with acute MMD-related or idiopathic PIVH were retrospectively included. Baseline characteristics and outcomes at discharge were obtained and compared. Chi-square test, t-test, or rank-sum test were used in statistical analyses.

This study finally included 32 patients with acute MMD-related PIVH and 112 with acute idiopathic PIVH. Patients with acute MMD-related PIVH were significantly younger (53.3 ± 15.8 vs. 42.8 ± 12.2 years, P<0.001). The admission systolic blood pressure in patients with acute idiopathic PIVH was significantly higher (161.7 ± 30.9 vs. 134.6 ± 24.6 mmHg, P<0.001). Patients with acute idiopathic PIVH had significantly higher admission serum urea (5.68 ± 2.66 vs. 4.34 ± 1.62 mmol/l, P=0.008), cystatin C (0.97 ± 0.72 vs. 0.68 ± 0.16 mg/l, P=0.023), and uric acid (309.01 ± 105.97 vs. 242.24 ± 77.65 μmol/l, P=0.001). In patients with acute MMD-related PIVH, only one (3.1%) patient was dead at discharge. In contrast, a total of 22 (19.6%) patients with acute idiopathic patients died at discharge (P=0.027).

Comparing to patients with acute idiopathic PIVH, patients with acute MMD-related PIVH have younger age, lower blood pressure, and better renal function. Moreover, patients with acute MMD-related PIVH have lower short-term mortality 3).

Unclassified

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1)
Peng Q, Zhao J, Wang P, Huang C, Chen B, Song J, Xu G. Expressions of plasma cystatin C, D-dimer and hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients with intracranial progressive hemorrhagic injury after craniocerebral injury, and their clinical significance. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019 Jul 15;77(6):381-386. doi: 10.1590/0004-282×20190057. PubMed PMID: 31314839.
2)
Scharfenberg F, Helbig A, Sammel M, Benzel J, Schlomann U, Peters F, Wichert R, Bettendorff M, Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S, Moali C, Lichtenthaler SF, Pietrzik CU, Bartsch JW, Tholey A, Becker-Pauly C. Degradome of soluble ADAM10 and ADAM17 metalloproteases. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2019 Jun 17. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03184-4. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31209506.
3)
Yu Z, Guo R, Zheng J, Li M, Wen D, Li H, You C, Ma L. Comparison of acute moyamoya disease-related and idiopathic primary intraventricular hemorrhage in adult patients. World Neurosurg. 2019 Jan 24. pii: S1878-8750(19)30167-6. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.070. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30685378.