2. MS plaque
3. tumefactive demyelinating lesions
5. diffuse axonal injury from trauma: callosal injury on DTI might not be as prominent a feature in an mTBI cohort with substantial recovery, rather than one with only long-term symptomatic individuals. More advanced diffusion MRI technology such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) could provide more sensitive and specific biomarkers of the progression from acute mTBI to chronic cognitive and behavioral impairment than is possible with DTI 1)
In a pictorial review, Uchino et al. illustrate acquired diseases or conditions of the corpus callosum that may be found by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain, including infarction, bleeding, diffuse axonal injury, multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Marchiafava–Bignami disease, glioblastoma, gliomatosis cerebri, lymphoma, metastasis, germinoma, infections, metabolic diseases, transient splenial lesion, dilated Virchow-Robin spaces, wallerian degeneration after hemispheric damage and focal splenial gliosis. MR imaging is useful for the detection and differential diagnosis of corpus callosal lesions. Due to the anatomical shape and location of the corpus callosum, both coronal and sagittal Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images are most useful for visualizing lesions of this structure 2).