Clinical relevance refers to the practical importance of a medical finding, intervention, or observation in real-world clinical settings. It addresses whether the result has a meaningful impact on:

• Patient care
• Clinical decision-making
• Diagnosis or treatment choices
• Health outcomes (e.g., symptom control, survival, quality of life)

• Improves or influences patient outcomes
• Has implications for day-to-day clinical practice
• Goes beyond statistical significance
• Relevant to real-world settings, not only research conditions

*Example:* A treatment reduces hospital stay by 1 hour with p < 0.001 → statistically significant, but not necessarily clinically relevant.

• A new surgical technique that reduces complication rates by 20% → clinically relevant
• A biomarker that predicts tumor subtype with 90% accuracy but does not alter treatment → not clinically relevant