Cerebrospinal fluid

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Cerebrospinal fluid (Latin: liquor cerebrospinalis) is a liquid occupying subarachnoid space (cavum subarachnoideale) and ventricles.

Protection: CSF acts as a cushion, reducing the risk of brain injury from mechanical shocks.

Buoyancy: By reducing the effective weight of the brain, CSF helps maintain brain structure and reduces pressure on the base of the brain.

Waste Clearance: CSF helps remove metabolic waste products from the brain, such as beta-amyloid proteins, and facilitates the clearing of neurotoxic substances.

Nutrient Transport: CSF supplies essential nutrients to the brain, including glucose, electrolytes, and other small molecules.

Cerebrospinal fluid was not really discovered in terms of its liquid state of matter until the early 16th century A.D. It took three more centuries for physicians to become aware of its cerebrospinal location. Previously, it was thought that cerebral ventricles contained “spiritus animalis” (spirit of the animal).

According to Schaltenbrand, cerebrospinal fluid found in humans and other higher vertebrates replaced the ocean, where 3.5 billion years ago the life had begun ^{1) 2)}.

Cerebrospinal fluid appearance

Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics Cerebrospinal fluid physiology.

see Cerebrospinal fluid motion.

Cerebrospinal fluid absorption

see Cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

see Cerebrospinal fluid production.

see cerebrospinal fluid flow.

see Cerebrospinal fluid volume.

see Cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

The influence that human CSF has on the function of human adipose-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) and human fetal-derived NPCs (hfNPCs) in regard to cell proliferation, survival, and migration demonstrated that human noncancerous CSF promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of hAMSCs and hfNPCs. Preculturing these stem cells in human CSF also increased their migratory speed and distance traveled. Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in human CSF enhanced the migration capacity and increased the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in both stem cell types. These findings highlight a simple and natural way in which human CSF can enhance the proliferation, migration, and viability of human exogenous primary hAMSCs and hfNPCs. This may provide insight into improving the clinical efficacy of stem cells for the treatment of CNS pathologies ³⁾.

Cerebrospinal fluid fistula.

Cerebrospinal fluid infection are serious complication of cerebrospinal fluid shunts and external ventricular drainage.

Cerebrospinal fluid culture

see Cerebrospinal fluid cytology.

Cerebrospinal fluid protein

Artificial cerebrospinal fluid