In 1891, Cemil Topuzlu operated on a brain abscess that originated as a complication of a depression fracture of the cranial inner table; this case is highlighted because it was not only the first case of BA to be treated successfully with surgical intervention in the Ottoman Empire, but also one of the first cases of neurological surgery performed using contemporary anesthesiological and surgical techniques, which reveals the importance of neurological examination and cerebral localization techniques in the era before x-rays ¹⁾.