Cavernous sinus syndrome is defined by its resultant signs and symptoms: ophthalmoplegia, chemosis, proptosis, Horner syndrome, or trigeminal sensory loss. Infectious or noninfectious inflammatory, vascular, traumatic, and neoplastic processes are the principal causes. Examples of specific entities that may result in cavernous sinus syndrome are myriad and include carotid artery aneurysms, carotid-cavernous fistulas (C-C fistulas), tumors, and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome.
Response to Ricciardi M. Letter to the Editor. “Cavernous sinus syndrome” or “middle cranial fossa syndrome”: Consideration on terminology 1).