Cancer Treatment Surgery Physical removal of the tumor, often combined with other therapies in solid tumors.

Chemotherapy Systemic administration of cytotoxic drugs that target rapidly dividing cells. 🔹 Examples: cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide.

Radiotherapy Use of ionizing radiation to kill or damage cancer cells in a localized field. 🔹 Includes external beam radiation, stereotactic radiosurgery, brachytherapy.

Immunotherapy Activation or modulation of the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. 🔹 Examples: checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4), CAR-T cells.

Targeted Therapy Drugs designed to interfere with specific molecular targets involved in tumor growth or angiogenesis. 🔹 Examples: EGFR inhibitors, VEGF inhibitors (bevacizumab), BRAF inhibitors.

Hormonal Therapy Used in hormone-sensitive cancers (e.g., breast, prostate) to block hormonal stimulation of tumor cells. 🔹 Examples: tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Used mainly in hematologic malignancies, often after high-dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy.