Brain metastases treatment can vary depending on the type of cancer, the number and location of tumors, and the patient's overall health. However, there are several general guidelines that are commonly followed for the treatment of brain metastases.
It's important to note that brain metastases treatment guidelines change over time as new treatments become available and more data on the safety and effectiveness of different treatments are obtained.
https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(21)02214-6/fulltext Published:August 05, 2021
Please see the full-text version of this guideline https://www.cns.org/guidelines/browse-guidelines-detail/guidelines-treatment-of-adults-with-metastatic-bra-2 for the target population of each recommendation listed below.
SURGERY FOR METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS AT NEW DIAGNOSIS QUESTION: Should patients with newly diagnosed metastatic brain tumors undergo Brain metastases surgery, Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases (SRS), or whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT)?
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Level of Evidence 1: Surgery + WBRT is recommended as first-line treatment in patients with single brain metastases with favorable performance status and limited extracranial disease to extend overall survival, median survival, and local control.
Level of Evidence 3: Surgery plus SRS is recommended to provide survival benefit in patients with metastatic brain tumors
Level of Evidence 3: Multimodal treatments including either surgery + WBRT + SRS boost or surgery + WBRT are recommended as alternatives to WBRT + SRS in terms of providing overall survival and local control benefits.
SURGERY AND RADIATION FOR METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS QUESTION: Should patients with newly diagnosed metastatic brain tumors undergo surgical resection followed by WBRT, SRS, or another combination of these modalities?
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Level 1: Surgery + WBRT is recommended as superior treatment to WBRT alone in patients with single brain metastases.
Level 3: Surgery + SRS is recommended as an alternative to treatment with SRS alone to benefit overall survival.
Level 3: It is recommended that SRS alone be considered equivalent to surgery + WBRT.
SURGERY FOR RECURRENT METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS QUESTION: Should patients with recurrent metastatic brain tumors undergo surgical resection?
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Level 3: Craniotomy is recommended as a treatment for intracranial recurrence after initial surgery or SRS. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE AND RECURRENCE QUESTION A: Does the surgical technique (en bloc resection or piecemeal resection) affect recurrence?
RECOMMENDATION:
Level 3: En bloc resection of the tumor, as opposed to piecemeal resection, is recommended to decrease the risk of postoperative leptomeningeal disease when resecting single brain metastases.
QUESTION B:
Does the extent of surgical resection (gross total resection or subtotal resection) affect recurrence?
RECOMMENDATION:
Level 3: Gross total resection is recommended over subtotal resection in Recursive partitioning analysis class 1 class I patients to improve overall survival and prolong time to recurrence. 1).
In this document, the following topics are developed: selection of the cancer patient candidate for surgical resection and the role of the neurosurgeon in the multidisciplinary team, the importance of immunohistological and molecular diagnosis, neurosurgical techniques, radiotherapy techniques, treatment updates of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and management algorithms in brain metastases. With this consensus manuscript, the tumor group of the Spanish Society of Neurosurgery (GT-SENEC) exposes the most relevant neurosurgical issues and the fundamental aspects to harmonize multidisciplinary treatment, especially with the medical specialties that are treating or will treat these patients 2)