The Benzel classification divides fractures of the C2 (axis) vertebral body into three types based on the fracture plane and the associated stability.

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<tab>🟩 Type I – Coronal Plane Fracture</tab>

• Fracture line runs anterior to posterior.
• Generally stable.
• May include mild anterior compression.
• Common treatment: rigid cervical collar or halo vest.

<tab>🟨 Type II – Sagittal Plane Fracture</tab>

• Parasagittal fracture, often separating a superior articular facet.
• Potentially unstable, especially if displaced or facet-involved.
• May require anterior C2–C3 fusion or posterior instrumentation.

Benzel type 3 fracture.