Medical anti-shock trousers were first described in 1903 by surgeon G.W. Crile as he tried to augment blood pressure with a “pneumatic rubber suit” during neurosurgical [[procedure]]s.
The unilateral suboccipital approach was popularized by Woolsey (1903) and with great contributions by Fedor Krause (1905).
After several refinements and modifications through different dedicated neurosurgeons (Fish, House and Seiffert , Dandy's suboccipital approach (1917) with an ipsilateral suboccipital flap evolved to the retrosigmoid transmeatal approach.
Marchiafava–Bignami disease is a progressive neurological disease of alcoholism, characterized by corpus callosum demyelination and necrosis and subsequent atrophy. The disease was first described in 1903 by the Italian pathologists Amico Bignami and Ettore Marchiafava in an Italian Chianti drinker.