==== Widespread adoption ====

**Widespread adoption** refers to the process by which a technology, technique, or clinical practice becomes commonly used across multiple institutions, settings, or professional communities. It implies a transition from early experimentation or pilot use to **routine integration** in standard workflows.

In [[neurosurgery]], widespread adoption of an innovation typically depends on:

  * Demonstrated **clinical effectiveness** through peer-reviewed studies
  * **Reproducibility** of results across diverse patient populations
  * **Cost-effectiveness** and resource feasibility
  * **Training accessibility** for surgeons and staff
  * Inclusion in **clinical guidelines** or **standard-of-care protocols**

Without these elements, a new tool or approach—such as [[3D virtual reality]] or [[3D printing]]—may remain confined to experimental or showcase settings and fail to impact real-world practice.