====== Urine density ======

Urine [[density]], also known as urine specific gravity, refers to the concentration of solutes in [[urine]]. It measures the relative weight of urine compared to an equal volume of distilled water. The urine density provides information about the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine and can be an indicator of hydration status and kidney function. Here are some key points about urine density:

Measurement: Urine density is typically measured using a urinometer or a refractometer. These devices determine the specific gravity of urine by comparing the density of urine to that of water. The specific gravity is a numerical value that represents the density of urine.

Factors Affecting Urine Density: Urine density is influenced by the amount and type of solutes present in urine. Solutes can include [[electrolyte]]s, waste products, and other substances dissolved in [[urine]]. Factors that can affect urine density include hydration status, kidney function, and the concentration of substances such as glucose, proteins, or certain medications in the urine.

Hydration Status: Urine density is commonly used to assess hydration status. When the body is adequately hydrated, urine is usually less concentrated, resulting in a lower urine density. In contrast, dehydration can lead to higher urine density as the kidneys conserve water and produce more concentrated urine.

Kidney Function: The ability of the kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine is an important aspect of kidney function. Impaired kidney function can affect urine density. In conditions where the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine properly, such as diabetes insipidus or certain renal disorders, urine density may be consistently low. Conversely, certain kidney conditions that cause impaired water reabsorption can result in higher urine density.

Interpretation: Normal urine density ranges between 1.005 and 1.030, although the exact reference range can vary depending on the laboratory and the units of measurement used. A low urine density may indicate overhydration or impaired kidney concentrating ability, while a high urine density can suggest dehydration, reduced kidney function, or excessive solute intake.