====== Trauma ======

Body [[wound]] or shock produced by sudden physical [[injury]], as from violence or accident. 

===== Classification =====

Got it! Here's a general **overview of trauma classification in English**, followed by **specific classification systems** used in various types of trauma:

===== 🩺 **General Trauma Classification =====


### 1. **By Mechanism of Injury**

- **Blunt trauma**: caused by impact without skin penetration (e.g. car accidents, falls)
- **Penetrating trauma**: caused by an object piercing the body (e.g. gunshot, stabbing)
- **Blast trauma**: injury from explosions, often with combined mechanisms

### 2. **By Anatomical Region**
- **[[Head trauma]]**
- **Spinal trauma**
- **Thoracic trauma**
- **Abdominal trauma**
- **Pelvic trauma**
- **Extremity trauma**
- **Facial trauma**

### 3. **By Severity**
- **[[Minor trauma]]**

- **Moderate**

- **Severe**

- **Polytrauma**: injury to multiple body regions or organ systems, life-threatening

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## 🧠 **Specific Trauma Classifications**

### ▶️ **Head Trauma / TBI**
- **Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)**:
  - Mild (GCS 13–15)
  - Moderate (GCS 9–12)
  - Severe (GCS ≤8)
- **Marshall CT Classification** (based on CT findings for TBI prognosis)

### ▶️ **Spinal Cord Injury**
- **ASIA Impairment Scale** (A–E): assesses motor/sensory function
- **Denis 3-Column Model**: used to classify spinal stability

### ▶️ **Fractures**
- **AO/OTA Classification**: comprehensive system for fracture type and location
- **Gustilo-Anderson Classification** (for open fractures):
  - Type I: Clean wound <1 cm
  - Type II: Wound >1 cm without extensive soft-tissue damage
  - Type III (A, B, C): Extensive damage, contamination, vascular injury

### ▶️ **Facial Trauma**
- **Le Fort Classification**:
  - I: Horizontal maxillary fracture
  - II: Pyramidal fracture
  - III: Craniofacial disjunction

### ▶️ **Chest Trauma**
- Classified as **penetrating** or **blunt**
- Consider presence of pneumothorax, hemothorax, flail chest, cardiac tamponade, etc.

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Trauma is the leading cause of death in people younger than 45 years and [[Traumatic brain injury]] is the main cause of trauma mortality. 

[[Head trauma]].

[[Direct Trauma]].
 
[[Indirect Trauma]].

see [[Neurotrauma]].