====== Syncope ======

Syncope is a temporary [[loss of consciousness]] usually related to insufficient [[blood flow]] to the brain. It's also called fainting or "passing out." 

===== Etiology =====

It most often occurs when blood pressure is too low ([[hypotension]]) and the heart doesn't pump enough oxygen to the brain.

Some common causes of syncope in pediatric age include:

[[Vasovagal syncope]]: This is the most frequent cause of syncope in children. It happens when there's a temporary drop in heart rate and blood pressure, often triggered by factors like pain, fear, standing for prolonged periods, or intense emotions.

Orthostatic hypotension: It occurs when a child's blood pressure drops significantly upon standing, leading to fainting. This may be due to dehydration, certain medications, or various medical conditions.

Heart-related issues: While less common, some heart-related conditions can cause syncope in children, such as arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms), structural heart defects, or other cardiac conditions.

Neurological conditions: Certain neurological disorders or seizures can lead to syncope or fainting in pediatric patients.

[[Hyperventilation]]: Rapid and deep breathing can alter blood gas levels and potentially cause fainting.

[[Dehydration]]: Severe dehydration can lower blood volume and trigger syncope.

[[Anemia]]: In cases of severe anemia, there might not be enough red blood cells to carry oxygen, leading to fainting.

Infections: In some instances, severe infections can lead to syncope.