====== Subdural empyema etiology ======

It is a rare [[complication]] of [[bacterial meningitis]],
((Dakkak M, Cullinane WR Jr, Ramoutar VR. Subdural Empyema Complicating Bacterial Meningitis: A Challenging Diagnosis in a Patient with Polysubstance Abuse. Case Rep Med. 2015;2015:931819. doi: 10.1155/2015/931819. Epub 2015 Oct 12. PubMed PMID: 26543484; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4620381.))
more common caused by [[Streptococcus pneumoniae]] 
((Jim KK, Brouwer MC, van der Ende A, van de Beek D. Subdural empyema in
bacterial meningitis. Neurology. 2012 Nov 20;79(21):2133-9. doi:
10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182752d0e. Epub 2012 Nov 7. PubMed PMID: 23136260.
)).

Bacterial or occasionally [[fungal infection]] of the skull bones or air sinuses can spread to the subdural space, producing a [[subdural empyema]]. 

The [[infection]] of a [[subdural hematoma]] is an unusual cause of [[subdural empyema]] with fewer than 50 cases reported till 2015 
((Dabdoub CB, Adorno JO, Urbano J, Silveira EN, Orlandi BM. Review of the
Management of Infected Subdural Hematoma. World Neurosurg. 2015 Nov 13. pii:
S1878-8750(15)01532-6. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.11.015. [Epub ahead of print]
PubMed PMID: 26585725.)). 

===== Following the evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma =====
see [[Supratentorial subdural empyema following the evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma]].

===== Subdural empyema following cranioplasty =====

[[Subdural empyema following cranioplasty]].