====== Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula ======

[[Spinal arteriovenous fistula]] (SDAF) within the [[dura]].

see also [[Dural arteriovenous fistula]].

It is a connection between a [[radicular artery]] and a radicular vein, (there is no intervening nidus between a meningeal segmental artery and a radiculomedullary vein) resulting in venous hypertension and obstruction of the venous flow. Consequently, [[edema]] forms beneath the fistula and congestive ischaemia of the myelum develops. 

====Epidemiology====
They are the most common type of [[spinal arteriovenous malformation]], especially in middle-aged men.

The annual incidence are 5-10 cases per million. The data on efficacy, recurrence rates and complications of [[endovascular treatment]] versus surgical treatment is limited.




====Pathophysiology====
The pathophysiology results in perimedullary venous congestion and in turn [[spinal cord]] congestion. 

The craniocaudal extent of enlarged intrathecal veins draining SDAVF correlates with patient functional status, providing further insight into the pathophysiology of venous hypertensive myelopathy
((Hetts SW, Moftakhar P, English JD, Dowd CF, Higashida RT, Lawton MT, Douglas
VC, Halbach VV. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas and intrathecal venous
drainage: correlation between digital subtraction angiography, magnetic resonance
imaging, and clinical findings. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012 May;16(5):433-40. doi:
10.3171/2012.1.SPINE11643. Epub 2012 Feb 10. PubMed PMID: 22324803.
)).


===== Diagnosis =====

[[Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula diagnosis]].


===== Scales =====

[[Aminoff and Logue disability scale]]
===== Differential diagnosis =====

[[Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula differential diagnosis]].

===== Treatment =====

[[Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula treatment]].

===== Outcome =====
see [[Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula outcome]].

===== Case series =====

[[Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula case series]].

===== Case reports =====

[[Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula case reports]].

===== References =====