====== Simulation ====== The evolution of simulation [[technology]] applied to surgery has assumed an important role in learning [[anatomy]], completing procedural [[task]]s, and improving [[accuracy]] and hand–eye coordination. In recent years, 3D inert models and virtual and [[augmented reality]] have been popularized among universities and through courses to train young residents ((Chawla S, Devi S, Calvachi P, Gormley WB, Rueda-Esteban R. Evaluation of simulation models in neurosurgical training according to face, content, and construct validity: a systematic review. Acta Neurochir. (2022) 164(4):947–66. 10.1007/s00701-021-05003-x)) ((Bernardo A. Virtual reality and simulation in neurosurgical training. World Neurosurg. (2017) 106:1015–29. 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.140)). [[Neurosurgical simulation]]