Fu et al. conducted a [[meta-analysis]] to evaluate the effects of second-generation [[antiepileptic drug]]s (AEDs; [[levetiracetam]], [[lamotrigine]]) compared to [[First-generation anti-epileptic drug]]s ([[valproic acid]], [[carbamazepine]]) on bone metabolism in [[epilepsy]] patients. [[PubMed]], [[Web of Science]], Clinical trials.gov, Wanfang, and [[China]]'s national knowledge infrastructure databases were searched. Ten [[trial]]s were included. Results showed: (1) The overall SMD for changes of serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP, and PTH levels from baseline of LEV versus first-generation AEDs were 1.00 (95% CI=0.23-1.77, Z=2.56, p=0.01), 0.98 (95% CI=- 0.05 to 2.01, Z=1.86, p=0.06), - 1.17 (95% CI=- 2.08 to - 0.25, Z=2.50, p=0.01), 0.07 (95% CI=- 0.14 to 0.27, Z=0.63, p=0.53), respectively. (2) The overall SMD for changes of serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP, and PTH levels from baseline of LTG versus first-generation AEDs were -0.16 (95% CI=- 0.47 to 0.16, Z=0.99, p=0.32), -0.05 (95% CI=- 0.55 to 0.44, Z=0.22, p=0.83), 0.10 (95% CI=- 0.53 to 0.73, Z=0.31, p=0.75), -0.05 (95% CI=- 0.52 to 0.42, Z=0.22, p=0.83), respectively. Overall, the results indicate that compared to first-generation AEDs, LEV has less adverse effects on blood bone metabolism markers in [[epilepsy]] patients, while LTG does not. However, due to small number of included studies, the results warrant additional research
((Fu J, Peng L, Li J, Tao T, Chen Y. Effects of Second-Generation Antiepileptic 
Drugs Compared to First-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs on Bone Metabolism in
Patients with Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res. 2019 Aug;51(8):511-521. 
doi: 10.1055/a-0963-0054. Epub 2019 Aug 13. PubMed PMID: 31408897.
)).