====== Scalenus anticus syndrome ======

Controversial. More commonly diagnosed in the 1940s and 1950s. There is a lack of [[consensus]] regarding the [[pathophysiology]] (including structures involved), clinical presentation, helpful [[test]]s, and optimal [[treatment]]. Removal of the first thoracic [[rib]] is frequently advocated for treatment via a [[transaxillary approach]]. Unfortunately, injuries, especially to the lower trunk of the [[brachial plexus]], may result from the surgery.
Other variations include an “upper plexus” type for which total anterior [[scalenectomy]] is advocated. Again, very controversial.