====== Sacroiliac joint pain ======

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[[Sacroiliac joint]] pain arises from the sacroiliac joints, which connect the [[sacrum]] (the triangular bone at the base of the spine) to the [[ilium]] (the upper part of the pelvis). These joints play a crucial role in transferring weight between the upper body and lower extremities and providing stability during activities like walking or standing.

Isolated [[infection]] of the sacroiliac joint is a rare cause of [[low back pain]]. Low back pain originates in the [[sacroiliac joint]] in 15%-30% of cases.
The [[sacroiliac joint]] is a frequent source of [[pain]] in patients presenting with [[low back pain]] or [[buttock]] pain.

===== Clinical Features =====

Clinical and functional signs and symptoms correlating with SIJ pain are widely unknown.

Pain Characteristics:

Location:

Pain is typically localized to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) region, also known as the "Fortin Finger Sign."

Pain may radiate to the buttocks, groin, posterior thigh, or less commonly, the lateral or anterior thigh.

Type of Pain:

Aching, sharp, or stabbing pain.

Pain can be unilateral or bilateral.

Aggravating Factors:

Pain worsens with activities that stress the SI joint, such as:

Prolonged standing or sitting.

Transitional movements (e.g., sitting to standing).

Climbing stairs.

Weight-bearing activities on one leg.

Running or jumping.

Relieving Factors:

Pain may improve with lying down or reducing load on the joint.

===== Diagnosis =====
[[Sacroiliac joint pain diagnosis]].

===== Differential diagnosis =====
Lumbar disc herniation: A herniated disc in the lower back can cause similar symptoms as SIJ syndrome, as it can put pressure on the nerves that run from the lower back down to the legs.
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Sciatica: Sciatica is a condition that occurs when the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down to the feet, becomes compressed or irritated. It can cause pain and numbness in the lower back, buttocks, and legs, which may be similar to the symptoms of SIJ syndrome.
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Hip joint problems: Conditions affecting the hip joint, such as arthritis or labral tears, can cause pain in the groin, buttocks, and lower back that may be mistaken for SIJ syndrome.
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Pelvic floor dysfunction: Dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles can cause pain and discomfort in the lower back and pelvic region, which may be similar to the symptoms of SIJ syndrome.
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[[Myofascial pain syndrome]]: This is a condition that occurs when there is tightness or tension in the muscles or fascia, which can cause pain and discomfort in the lower back and buttocks.

see [[Sacroiliac joint disruption]].

===== Treatment =====

[[Sacroiliac joint pain treatment]].