====== Retractor ======

[[Instrument]]
----
[[Bladed retractor]] 

[[Brain retractor]].

[[Caspar lumbar retractor system]] 

[[Gelpi retractor]]

[[Grevel retractor]].

[[Leyla retractor]]

[[Markham-meyerding hemilaminectomy retractor]]

[[Periosteal retractor]] 

[[Retractor system]]

[[Scalp retractor]]

[[Self-retaining retractor]] 

[[Tubular retractor]] 

[[Williams retractor]]



Combined retractor and hand-rest system from Gilsbach
((Gilsbach JM, Lutze T, Seeger W. Combined retractor and hand-rest system for
neurosurgery. Neurosurg Rev. 1984;7(2-3):85-7. PubMed PMID: 6493523.
)).

It was developed from the original [[Leyla retractor]] system but has the advantage of an integrated hand-rest.

[[Retraction]] of [[white matter]] overlying a [[brain]] [[lesion]] can be difficult without causing significant [[trauma]] especially when using traditional methods of [[bladed retractor]]s. These conventional [[retractor]]s can produce regions of focal pressure resulting in [[contusion]]s and areas of [[infarct]].


====References====
Greenberg, I. M.: Self-retaining retractor and handrest system for neurosurgery. Technical note. Neurosurgery 8 (1981) 205–208PubMedGoogle Scholar
    
Kanshepolsky, J.: Extracranial holder for brain retractors. Technical note. J. Neurosurg. 46 (1977) 835–836PubMedGoogle Scholar
  
Sugita, K., T. Hirota, T. Mizutani et al.: A newly designed multipurpose microneurosurgical head frame. Technical note. J. Neurosurg. 48 (1978) 656–657

Sugita, K., S. Kobayashi, T. Takemae et al.: Direct retraction method in aneurysm surgery. Technical note. J. Neurosurg. 53 (1980) 

Sugita, K., S. Kobayashi: Technical and instrumental improvements in the surgical treatment of acoustic neurinomas. J. Neurosurg. 57 (1982) 
    
Yasargil, M. G., J. L. Fox: The microsurgical approach to acoustic neurinomas. Surg. Neurol. 2 (1974) 393–398PubMedGoogle Scholar