====== Results ======

After [[Methods]]

A [[result]] (also called upshot) is the final consequence of a sequence of actions or events expressed qualitatively or quantitatively. Possible results include advantage, disadvantage, gain, injury, loss, value and victory. There may be a range of possible [[outcome]]s associated with an event depending on the point of view, historical distance or relevance. Reaching no result can mean that actions are inefficient, ineffective, meaningless or flawed.
----
[[Discussion]]
----
Reporting the results of your research is a critical step in the research process. Clear and accurate reporting allows others to understand your findings and evaluate the validity of your work. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to present the results of your research effectively:

Organize Your Results:
Begin by organizing your results logically. Decide on the most appropriate format for presenting your data, whether it's through tables, figures, narratives, or a combination of these.

Use Clear and Concise Language:
Write your results in clear and concise language. Avoid jargon or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to your target audience. Explain any specialized terms or concepts you use.

Follow a Structured Format:
Structure your results section in a way that flows logically. Common components of a results section include:

Descriptive statistics: Present key summary statistics (e.g., means, medians, standard deviations) for continuous variables.
Frequencies: Display frequencies and percentages for categorical variables.
Inferential statistics: Report the results of statistical tests or analyses, including p-values, effect sizes, and confidence intervals.
Data visualization: Use tables, graphs, and charts to present your data visually.
Label and Title Figures and Tables:
Clearly label and title all figures and tables. Include detailed captions that explain what the reader is seeing and why it's relevant to your research.

Provide Context:
Interpret your results by providing context and explaining their implications. Discuss how your findings relate to your research question or hypothesis. Address any unexpected or counterintuitive results.

Use Citations:
When referencing previous research or sources in your results section, use proper citations to give credit to the original authors and provide a basis for your findings.

Avoid Repetition:
Avoid duplicating information from the methods section in the results section. The results should focus on presenting what you discovered, not how you conducted your research.

Use Visual Aids Wisely:
Visual aids like graphs and tables should enhance, not confuse, your results. Ensure that they are easy to understand and properly formatted.

Statistical Significance and Confidence Intervals:
Be transparent about the statistical significance of your findings. If you used hypothesis testing, report p-values and significance levels. Additionally, consider providing confidence intervals to convey the precision of your estimates.

Include All Relevant Results:
Present all relevant results, not just those that confirm your hypotheses. Transparency is essential in research reporting.

Highlight Key Findings:
Emphasize your most important or novel findings. You can use headings, bullet points, or other formatting techniques to draw attention to these.

Address Limitations:
Acknowledge the limitations of your study in the results section. Discuss how these limitations may have affected your findings and the generalizability of your results.

Avoid Interpretation:
While you should provide context and implications for your results, avoid interpreting or drawing broad conclusions in the results section. Save interpretation for the discussion section.

Proofread and Revise:
Carefully proofread your results section to eliminate errors in grammar, spelling, and formatting.

Consider Your Audience:
Tailor your results section to your target audience, whether it's researchers, academics, or a broader readership. Provide explanations and background information as needed.

Appendices:
If your results section includes a large amount of supplementary data, consider placing it in appendices to keep the main text concise.

Remember that the results section should provide a clear and objective presentation of your findings. It should be reader-friendly, allowing others to understand your research and evaluate its validity without requiring extensive background knowledge.