====== Research misconduct ======

[[Scientist]]s have the responsibility of judging what is best for the [[patient]] and the optimal conditions for the conduct of a [[study]]. All [[physician]]s should ensure that research they participate in is ethically conducted. Every [[clinician]] should learn and receive training in the responsible conduct of [[research]] and [[publication]], and each project must be [[review]]ed by an institutional review committee. [[Scientific misconduct]] is defined as any practice that deviates from those accepted by the scientific community and ultimately damages the integrity of the research process. "[[Sloppy Research]]" and "Scientific Fraud" include activities which can violate science, records and publication. Sloppy research is due to absence of appropriate training in research discipline and methodologies. In contrast, scientific fraud is defined as deliberate action during application, performance of research, and publication. It includes piracy, plagiarism and fraud. Research institutions should adopt rules and regulations to respond to allegations, start investigational operations and perform appropriate sanctions
((Kansu E, Ruacan S. Research ethics and scientific misconduct in biomedical
research. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2002;83:11-5. PubMed PMID: 12442615.
)).
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Most retracted [[article]]s in anesthesiology [[literature]] were retracted because of research [[misconduct]]. Limited information is available in the [[retraction]] notices unless explicitly stated, so it is challenging to distinguish between an honest error and research misconduct. Therefore, a standardized reporting process with structured retraction notices is desired
((Nair S, Yean C, Yoo J, Leff J, Delphin E, Adams DC. Reasons for article
retraction in anesthesiology: a comprehensive analysis. Can J Anaesth. 2019 Oct
15. doi: 10.1007/s12630-019-01508-3. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31617069.
)).