====== Psychometric validation ======


"Psychometric [[validation]]" refers to the process of evaluating the reliability and validity of a psychological measurement tool (e.g., a questionnaire, scale, or test) to ensure it accurately and consistently measures the construct it is intended to assess.

Here’s a breakdown of the key components involved in psychometric validation:

✅ 1. Reliability
This refers to the consistency of the instrument.

Internal Consistency: Are the items on the test measuring the same construct?

Commonly assessed using Cronbach’s alpha.

Test-Retest Reliability: Does the test produce similar results over time?

Inter-Rater Reliability: Are different raters or observers consistent in their ratings?

✅ 2. Validity
This refers to whether the test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Content Validity: Do the items cover all aspects of the construct?

Construct Validity: Does the test relate to other measures as expected based on theory?

Includes convergent and discriminant validity.

Criterion-Related Validity:

Predictive Validity: Does it predict future outcomes?

Concurrent Validity: Does it correlate with other validated measures taken at the same time?

✅ 3. Factor Analysis
Used to assess the dimensional structure of the instrument.

Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA): To identify underlying factors without a prior hypothesis.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA): To test whether data fit a hypothesized measurement model.

✅ 4. Norms and Standardization
Establishing normative data to interpret individual scores.

Standardizing the tool across diverse populations.

✅ 5. Item Analysis
Evaluating item difficulty, discrimination, and item-total correlations.