====== Posttraumatic epilepsy ======

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[[Posttraumatic]] [[seizure]]s (PTS) are a common complication of TBI, and antiepileptic drugs are used to reduce the risk of both early seizures (occurring within the first week) and late seizures (occurring after one week and potentially leading to post-traumatic epilepsy).

===== Definition =====

[[Recurrent]] [[seizure]]s more than 7 days following injury.

===== Key concepts =====

● 2 categories: early (≤ 7 days) and late (>7 days) after [[head trauma]]

● [[anticonvulsant]]s (AEDs) may be used to prevent early posttraumatic [[seizure]]s (PTS) in patients at
high risk for seizures

● prophylactic AEDs do NOT reduce the frequency of late PTS

● discontinue AEDs after 1 week except for cases meeting specific criteria

===== Epidemiology =====

[[Posttraumatic Epilepsy Epidemiology]].



===== Classification =====
Posttraumatic [[seizure]]s (PTS) are often divided (arbitrarily) into early (occurring within 1 week of injury) and late (thereafter)
((Young B, Rapp RP, Norton JA, et al. Failure of Prophylactically Administered Phenytoin to Prevent Late Posttraumatic Seizures. J Neurosurg. 1983; 58:236–241)).
There may be justification for a third category: “immediate”, i.e. within minutes to an hour or so.

see [[Late-onset posttraumatic seizures]].

[[Early Posttraumatic seizures]].

===== Risk factors =====

[[Posttraumatic seizures risk factors]].

===== Management =====

[[Posttraumatic seizures management]].

===== Books =====
Book Review: Posttraumatic Epilepsy: Basic and Clinical Aspects
((Pearce JJ 3rd, Byrne RW. Book Review: Posttraumatic Epilepsy: Basic and Clinical Aspects. Neurosurgery. 2023 May 1;92(5):e111-e112. doi: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002438. Epub 2023 Mar 16. PMID: 37756663.)).

===== Case series =====

see [[Posttraumatic seizures case series]].

===== References =====