====== Posttraumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage ======

see [[Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea]].

===== Case report =====

A 4-year-old child in whom a [[penetrating trauma]] to an immature [[atlas]] led to an unusual disjunction of the posterior [[synchondrosis]] with [[atlas fracture]] displacement of the posterior "hemiarch" that plunged into the [[dura]], resulting in a [[cerebrospinal fluid fistula]].

Praneeth et al. discussed the possible mechanism and considerations in the [[management]] of this unique presentation. Such an atypical fracture pattern involving the posterior hemi ring of the pediatric atlas is previously unknown
((Praneeth K, Karthigeyan M, Salunke P, Ray N. Synchondral Fracture of the
Posterior "Hemiarch" of Pediatric Atlas with Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula
following a Penetrating Neck Injury. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2019 Oct 10:1-4. doi:
10.1159/000503109. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31600753.))