=====Persistent primitive artery=====
Primitive arteries are persistent fetal anastomoses between the carotid and [[vertebrobasilar]] circulation. Although rare, persistent primitive arteries can remain at birth. 

see [[Persistent trigeminal artery]]

see [[Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery]]
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A 73-year-old woman presented with [[cerebral infarction]] to the [[posterior circulation]] caused by symptomatic common [[carotid artery stenosis]] with an unnamed and extremely rare persistent primitive artery. This anomalous vessel branched from the extracranial [[internal carotid artery]] and passed through the ipsilateral [[jugular foramen]] into the [[posterior cranial fossa]] and merged into the [[basilar artery]]. 

This is the first case of a persistent primitive artery passing through the jugular foramen with symptomatic common carotid artery stenosis
((Ryu B, Anami H, Ishikawa T, Inoue T, Sugiura M, Kawamata T. Extremely rare
persistent primitive artery passing through the jugular foramen with symptomatic 
ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016
Oct;158(10):1925-9. doi: 10.1007/s00701-016-2896-z. Epub 2016 Jul 29. PubMed
PMID: 27473392.
)).