====== Pediatric cervical spine instability ======

An [[atlantodental interval]] (ADI) of more than 5 mm on lateral [[cervical spine radiography]] indicates instability
((Pennecot GF, Gouraud D, Hardy JR, Pouliquen JC. Roentgenographical study of
the stability of the cervical spine in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1984
May;4(3):346-52. PubMed PMID: 6736240.
))
((Locke GR, Gardner JI, Van Epps EF. Atlas-dens interval (ADI) in children: a
survey based on 200 normal cervical spines. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med.
1966 May;97(1):135-40. PubMed PMID: 5938031.
)).
This is more than the 3-mm adult value because of the increased cartilage content of the odontoid and ring of the atlas in children, as well as the increased ligamentous laxity in children. In extension, overriding of the anterior arch of the atlas on top of the odontoid also can be seen in up to 20% of children
((Cattell HS, Filtzer DL. Pseudosubluxation and other normal variations in the
cervical spine in children. A study of one hundred and sixty children. J Bone
Joint Surg Am. 1965 Oct;47(7):1295-309. PubMed PMID: 5837630.)).
 
===== Treatment =====

see [[Pediatric cervical spine instability treatment]].